Dynex Zeus Architecture

Zeus is a gate-based quantum processor architecture built around NV-diamond quantum qubits combined with patent-pending bio-organic materials designed specifically to address one of the industry’s core challenges: scalable qubit interconnectivity and scaling. Protected by USPTO 64/093,378 and USPTO 64/093,380.

Dynex Zeus is a room-temperature diamond-spin quantum computing platform built around engineered nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in synthetic diamond. The first system, Zeus-256, featuring 256 simultaneously active logical qubits, is available today and integrates with Dynex’s qubit-agnostic computing environment. Dynex is now scaling the same demonstrated architecture toward systems with up to 9,984 logical qubits.

Unlike fixed-topology quantum hardware, the Zeus architecture combines defect-spin qubits with a programmable optical control, biomolecular quantum bus and coupling layer. This approach allows the hardware itself to dynamically configure interaction patterns, enabling the system to adapt its computational structure to different classes of problems.

Within the Dynex platform, Zeus operates alongside Dynex’s award winning quantum-driven neuromorphic hardware Apollo and classical high-performance compute resources. Applications can therefore execute across multiple backend architectures while using a unified programming environment. This design philosophy enables Dynex to support heterogeneous quantum computing workflows in which workloads are mapped to the most suitable computational substrate.

Zeus-256 — Available Now

Zeus-256 is Dynex’s first room-temperature NV-diamond quantum processor based on the Zeus architecture.

The processor implements a 16 × 16 array of 256 simultaneously active logical qubits. Each processor field combines an ensemble of NV electron spins used as the computational degree of freedom with associated nuclear-spin resources used for memory and ancillary operations. Quantum circuits supplied in OpenQASM are transpiled into processor-specific microwave, radio-frequency, optical, timing and measurement sequences and executed through the Zeus RFSoC-based control stack. Unlike a virtualized or time-multiplexed architecture, all 256 Zeus-256 logical qubits are physically active simultaneously. Zeus-256 operates at room temperature, avoiding the dilution-refrigeration infrastructure required by several alternative quantum-computing modalities.

Demonstrated Results on Zeus-256

Zeus-256 has demonstrated operation across quantum circuits spanning multipartite entanglement, quantum Fourier transforms, Grover search, arithmetic, Shor circuits, variational algorithms, graph states and application-oriented workloads. The results below highlight representative processor-level demonstrations and measurements.

> Paper: Experimental Benchmarking of a 256-Qubit Room-Temperature NV-Diamond Quantum Processor with an Optically Programmable Biomolecular Quantum Bus; Adams Ivanov, Daniela Herrmann, Dynex Quantum Technologies AG; Erick Giovani Sperandio Nascimento, University of Surrey; https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.18245; 2026

256-Qubit Multipartite Entanglement

A full-register GHZ-state circuit was executed across all 256 Zeus logical qubits. The circuit consisted of one Hadamard operation followed by 255 controlled-NOT operations coupling the control qubit to the remaining register. A separate 30,000-shot state-validation experiment, including computational-basis and basis-rotated measurements, yielded a 99.8960% state fidelity relative to the ideal GHZ target.

Bell–CHSH Entanglement Verification

Independent two-qubit Bell measurements yielded S = 2.8008 ± 0.0446 compared with the local-classical bound of S = 2 and the quantum Tsirelson bound of approximately 2.8284. A 20,000-resample bootstrap analysis produced a mean value of 2.80131 with sigma = 0.04442.

Grover Quantum Search

Zeus executed a three-qubit Grover search targeting the marked state 101. Across 1,024 shots, the processor returned the target state 958 times, corresponding to: 93.55% measured success compared with an independent ideal reference of 94.53% and a 12.5% uniform-guessing baseline. The demonstration used two complete oracle–diffusion iterations and demonstrates quantum amplitude amplification on the Zeus processor.

Full-Register 256-Qubit Quantum Fourier Transform

Zeus-256 executed a full-register 256-qubit QFT circuit containing 33,024 OpenQASM gates comprising 256 Hadamard gates, 32,640 controlled-phase operations and 128 SWAP operations. The reported Zeus processor execution time for 10 shots was approximately 2.996 ms, excluding transpilation and physical photon-acquisition overhead.

Shor-family factorization

We completed a Shor-family factorization staircase on Zeus-256 using a Gidney–Ekerå-inspired Ekerå–Håstad implementation with windowed exact arithmetic. The benchmark covers 11 test integers of 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, and 84 bits. The experimental summary records the exact integer N, qubit count, gate count, number of attempts, execution time, and factor-recovery flag for each instance. All 11 instances report factor recovery, with 10 attempts recorded for each.

Zeus-256 has also been exercised across a heterogeneous benchmark suite designed to characterize different circuit structures rather than a single algorithm family.

• QFT: up to 256 qubits / 33,024 gates

• GHZ: up to 256 qubits

• Arithmetic: up to 254 qubits / 172,960 gates

• Shor circuits up to 256 qubits / 84 bit integers

• QNN

• VQE

• Graph states

• Portfolio optimization

• TSP

• Routing

How the Diamond Spin Approach Works

The Dynex Zeus architecture uses engineered NV centers in diamond as the fundamental quantum elements. An NV center forms when a nitrogen atom substitutes for a carbon atom in the diamond lattice and an adjacent carbon atom is missing, creating a lattice vacancy. This defect traps an electronic spin that can be manipulated and measured with high precision. Because diamond is chemically stable and exhibits low magnetic noise, the NV spin can maintain quantum coherence for relatively long durations compared with many other solid-state qubit systems.

In addition to the electronic spin, nearby nuclear spins within the diamond lattice may serve as auxiliary quantum degrees of freedom. These nuclear spins can function as long-lived quantum memory elements, allowing the system to combine fast spin control with longer-term quantum state storage. Together, these elements form a diamond-spin quantum module capable of initialization, coherent control, and optical readout.

Physical Principle of NV-Center Qubits

The electronic ground state of the NV center forms a spin triplet with distinct magnetic sublevels. These spin states can be selectively controlled using electromagnetic fields. NV centers are typically created in synthetic diamond through a controlled fabrication process. Nitrogen impurities are introduced during diamond growth, and lattice vacancies are generated using irradiation techniques. During thermal annealing, the vacancies migrate through the crystal and bind with nitrogen atoms, forming stable NV defect centers.

The NV center behaves as a highly localized quantum system embedded in the rigid diamond lattice. This isolation helps protect the spin from environmental disturbances and enables quantum coherence times ranging from microseconds to milliseconds. These characteristics have made NV centers a leading platform for quantum sensing and an increasingly important candidate for scalable quantum information processing.

Optical Initialization and Readout

A key advantage of NV-center qubits is the ability to control and measure their quantum state using optical techniques. When the NV center is illuminated with green laser light (typically around 532 nm), electrons transition from the ground state to an excited electronic state. During the subsequent relaxation process, spin-dependent pathways preferentially populate the ms=0m_s = 0ms​=0 state, effectively initializing the qubit through optical pumping.

Quantum operations are performed by applying microwave fields that drive transitions between the spin sublevels of the ground state. By selecting two of these spin levels as computational basis states, a controllable two-level quantum system can be formed. Measurement is achieved through spin-dependent photoluminescence. The NV center emits fluorescence whose intensity varies depending on the spin state of the electron. By detecting this optical signal, the quantum state can be inferred without destroying the physical qubit. This measurement technique is commonly referred to as optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR).

Optically programmable biomolecular quantum-bus coupling fabric

In Zeus, inter-field connectivity is provided by an optically programmable biomolecular quantum-bus coupling layer built around a proprietary protein–chromophore system similar to enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP). The biomolecular subsystem contains an optically addressable metastable electronic triplet spin degree of freedom that is used internally as part of the biomolecular quantum bus rather than exposed as an additional processor-level qubit. Optical programming modifies the material's dielectric and coupling state, enabling a shared, reconfigurable interaction channel through which spatially separated processor fields can exchange quantum information and participate in mediated entangling operations.

System Architecture

At the system level, the Dynex Zeus platform integrates multiple layers of hardware and control systems.

The architecture consists of:

• diamond spin-qubit processor layer
• bio-organic quantum-bus coupling layer (optically programmable)
• optical excitation sources and microwave control drivers
• fluorescence detection and measurement systems
• classical control electronics and scheduling software

These components operate together to manage qubit initialization, coherent control, interaction programming, and measurement. Within the Dynex platform, Zeus operates as one of several computational backends that can be accessed through the Dynex software environment. Applications written for the Dynex platform can therefore execute across quantum hardware, quantum-driven neuromorphic systems, or classical high-performance compute resources.

This unified architecture allows Dynex to support a broad range of optimization, simulation, and quantum-algorithm workloads.

Scaling from Zeus-256 to Zeus-9984

The core technology required for the larger Zeus architecture is already demonstrated in Zeus-256.

Scaling from 256 to up to 9,984 logical qubits does not require the introduction of a new qubit modality, new coupling principle or new quantum-computing architecture. The next stage is primarily an engineering scale-up of the same demonstrated processor platform.

Current scale-up work focuses on:

• processor-field replication and densification

• expanded RF/MW control channels

• expanded optical excitation and readout

• RFSoC bandwidth and I/O scaling

• automated calibration

• crosstalk and channel-isolation engineering

• packaging and thermal engineering

• manufacturing yield and system integration

Zeus-256 demonstrates the architecture. Zeus-9984 scales it.

Key Advantages of Diamond-Spin Qubits

Diamond NV-center qubits offer several advantages compared with many other quantum hardware platforms:

• operation without dilution refrigeration
• long spin coherence times
• optical initialization and readout
• compatibility with photonic quantum networking
• integration with nanoscale sensing systems

These characteristics make diamond spin qubits a promising foundation for scalable and programmable quantum computing systems.

Learn more:
> Quantum Powered Solutions
> Dynex Quantum Platform: A cloud-based, qubit-agnostic platform
> The Science Behind Dynex